Inflammation is a natural process by which the body’s immune system fights against injuries, infections, chemicals, and radiation. It is characterized by the following signs: 1. What Is the Main Cause of Inflammation in the Body? There are many causes of inflammation that is triggered by the body’s immune system: 2. What Happens During Inflammation?…
Joint diseases include any pathology affecting an articulation or more, resulting in inflammation and degeneration of the articular tissues. The following disorders are the most common: Joint diseases or arthropathies can be due to joint trauma, autoimmunity, infections, metabolic, or heredity. 1. What is joint Made of? Joints or articulations connect the bones of the…
Bone diseases are characterized by alterations in the formation, mineralization, and resorption of the bone tissue. The following are the most common diseases of the bone tissue: 1. What is Bone Made of? The bone is a hard connective tissue (support and connect tissues) that contains a honey-comb shaped structure made of a mineralized matrix…
The body temperature is controlled by a small area of the brain known as the hypothalamus which maintains the body’s temperature through thermoregulation. The hypothalamus works like a thermostat for the body and maintains the temperature in the range of 97.7-99.5 °F (36.5-37.5 °C) [1]. Hypothermia is when the body temperature is lower than 95…
The sense of touch is controlled by the somatosensory cortex located in a region of the parietal lobe known as the post-central gyrus that is found on the middle top of the brain. In addition to its role in controlling touch, the somatosensory cortex is also involved in sensing temperature, pain, and body position and…
Neuroinflammation is the inflammation of the brain or the spinal cord due to the production of cytokines, chemokines, secondary messengers, and reactive oxygen species. 1- What Are cytokines? Cytokines are small proteins that are produced by white blood cells, such as lymphocytes T and lymphocytes B, and endothelial cells, mast cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal cells….
Pain is not only emotion as it is both a sensory and emotional experience. An individual can feel pain after being physically hurt (sensory) such as falling, burning skin after long hours of training, or touching something hot. Being physically hurt will trigger an emotion afterward [1]. However, pain is not only physical because a…
Sciatic nerve pain or Sciatica is due to the compression of the sciatic nerve in the lower back triggered by the following causes: It is estimated that the annual incidence in the general population is between 1% to 5% and the lifetime incidence is between 10% and 40% [1]. 1- How Long Will Sciatica Take…
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep that can last for days or weeks (short-term insomnia) or for more than 6 months (chronic insomnia). Insomnia can be caused by biological factors such as anxiety, depression, sleep apnoea, genetics, and chronic conditions. It can also be caused by environmental factors such as…
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) or myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) is an illness characterized by profound disabling tiredness, a diminished capacity to perform routine tasks, and sleep disruption that lasts for more than 6 months. 1. Epidemiology of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Based on prevalence estimates from the Institute of Medicine, chronic fatigue syndrome affects around 0.2-2.6% of…
