Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder that affects the behavior of people with inattention and hyperactivity. It is one of the most common childhood conditions and can persist into adulthood. ADHD occurs when there is an imbalance in the levels of dopamine, a chemical in the brain. This can make it difficult…
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder affecting the sleep-wake cycles characterized by the following symptoms: In the United States, narcolepsy affects 1 in 2000 people, while it affects 3 million people worldwide [1]. Although narcolepsy can happen at any age, it is typically observed in individuals between the age of 10 and 30 years old….
Endocrine glands are groups of cells that secrete hormones (chemical substances) in the bloodstream to regulate the function of cells and tissues in the body [1]. The major glands of the body are: 1. What Is Pineal Gland? The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland which shape looks like a pinecone and is located…
A delusion is a psychotic disorder where an individual has a fixed belief in an incorrect perception of reality. The most common delusions are: The risk of delusional disorder in the general population is estimated between 0.05% to 0.1% and affects individuals from the age of 18 years to 90 years [1]. The persecutory and…
Neurotransmitters are messengers that transmit specific chemical instructions from a neuron to another neuron and from neurons to tissues and organs. The 7 major neurotransmitters are: Neurotransmitters are produced by neurons and released in gaps that are found between neurons and between neurons and organs. These junctions are known as synapses. When neurotransmitters are released…
