Tissues are made of cells that share morphological features to achieve specific functions within the body. They are 4 types of tissue in our body: 1. What Is a Connective Tissue? Connective tissue provides structure, support, protection, and connection to other tissues and organs of the body [1]. 1.1. What Are the 3 Types of…
The part of the brain responsible for taste (gustation) is known as the gustatory cortex or primary gustatory cortex. It is involved in the perception and differentiation between different types of taste [1]. However, there are several steps before taste information reaches the gustatory cortex for processing: The papillae contain taste buds that are specialized…
Neuroinflammation is the inflammation of the brain or the spinal cord due to the production of cytokines, chemokines, secondary messengers, and reactive oxygen species. 1- What Are cytokines? Cytokines are small proteins that are produced by white blood cells, such as lymphocytes T and lymphocytes B, and endothelial cells, mast cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal cells….
They are several diseases where the body’s immune system attacks the cells of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord): 1- What Is an Autoimmune Disease? An autoimmune disease is when the body develops an abnormal immune response against certain parts of the body leading to their destruction. An abnormal autoimmune response is associated…
Melanocytes are cells that specialize in producing melanin pigments, responsible for the color of the skin and hair. They are typically located in the basal layer of the epidermis and in hair follicles where they are originated from a population of stem cells, known as melanocyte stem cells. However, the coloration of hair and skin…
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as aging-related neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries result in severe cognitive deficits that are associated with atrophy of the hippocampus, a brain structure involved in short-term and long-term memories, and in the processing of spatial memory that controls navigation [1]. Exercise and physical activity have been shown to reduce or slow down these cognitive…
