Antiemetics are drugs used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting due to multiple causes. Based on their mechanism of action, the most common antiemetics are classified as follows [1]: 1. What Are Dopamine Antagonists? Dopamine antagonists are drugs that block the D2 dopamine receptor in the brain and gastrointestinal neurons by preventing dopamine binding…
Restless leg syndrome (RLS) or Willis-Ekbom disease is a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs due to itching, throbbing, and uncomfortable sensations. RLS is a common disease that affects about 10% of the general population [1]. 1. What Is the Main Cause of Restless Leg Syndrome? Although the cause is…
Anticonvulsant drugs, also known as antiepileptic or antiseizure drugs, are used for the treatment of epileptic seizures. Based on the type and mechanism of action, anticonvulsant drugs are grouped into the following categories: 1. What Is Epileptic Seizure? An epileptic seizure is a neurological disorder due to an abnormally excessive, and repetitive neuronal activity in…
Tissues are made of cells that share morphological features to achieve specific functions within the body. They are 4 types of tissue in our body: 1. What Is a Connective Tissue? Connective tissue provides structure, support, protection, and connection to other tissues and organs of the body [1]. 1.1. What Are the 3 Types of…
The sense of touch is controlled by the somatosensory cortex located in a region of the parietal lobe known as the post-central gyrus that is found on the middle top of the brain. In addition to its role in controlling touch, the somatosensory cortex is also involved in sensing temperature, pain, and body position and…
Sounds are detected by the ears in the form of vibrations and transformed into nerve impulses by specialized neurons which then transmit the sound (auditory) information to the auditory cortex for processing. The auditory cortex is located in the temporal lobe of the brain. The transmission of the auditory information through neurons to the auditory…
The part of the brain responsible for taste (gustation) is known as the gustatory cortex or primary gustatory cortex. It is involved in the perception and differentiation between different types of taste [1]. However, there are several steps before taste information reaches the gustatory cortex for processing: The papillae contain taste buds that are specialized…
Odorous substances in the air are processed through the following steps: 1. What Part of the Brain Is Most Responsible for Smell? There are several and important parts of the brain that are responsible for smell; however, the olfactory bulb is responsible for transmitting the olfactory (smell) information from the olfactory nerves to the brain…
A delusion is a psychotic disorder where an individual has a fixed belief in an incorrect perception of reality. The most common delusions are: The risk of delusional disorder in the general population is estimated between 0.05% to 0.1% and affects individuals from the age of 18 years to 90 years [1]. The persecutory and…
Fish is rich in omega 3 fatty acids that have been shown to lower the risk of cognitive disorders such as impairment of learning, memory, perception, and problem-solving. 1- What Are Omega 3 Fatty Acids? Lipids or fats are made from saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Omega 3 fatty acids are a type of fatty…
