Endocrine glands are groups of cells that secrete hormones (chemical substances) in the bloodstream to regulate the function of cells and tissues in the body [1]. The major glands of the body are: 1. What Is Pineal Gland? The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland which shape looks like a pinecone and is located…
Bone diseases are characterized by alterations in the formation, mineralization, and resorption of the bone tissue. The following are the most common diseases of the bone tissue: 1. What is Bone Made of? The bone is a hard connective tissue (support and connect tissues) that contains a honey-comb shaped structure made of a mineralized matrix…
Hair loss or alopecia is a temporary or permanent loss of hair that mainly affects men but is also observed in women. Hear loss is associated with disorders that affect your scalp or the entire body such as illness, stress, iron deficiency, genetics, weight loss, aging, cancer treatment, and lifestyle. What Is the Biology of…
Prolonged stress or chronic stress promotes susceptibility to diseases and infections such as sepsis, endocarditis, respiratory viral infections, meningitis, and other central nervous system infections. This type of stress significantly affects the immune system by raising the levels of catecholamine (adrenaline and dopamine), glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol), and suppressor T cells, which suppress the immune…
