Hair loss or alopecia is a temporary or permanent loss of hair that mainly affects men but is also observed in women. Hear loss is associated with disorders that affect your scalp or the entire body such as illness, stress, iron deficiency, genetics, weight loss, aging, cancer treatment, and lifestyle. What Is the Biology of…
Cancer Immunotherapy is a type of treatment that promotes the effect of the immune system in attacking cancer. For this purpose, it relies on several types of applications, including immune system modulators, checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and adoptive cell transfer. Immune system modulators This type of immunotherapy aims to boost the number of white blood…
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by an uncontrolled division of cells known as proliferation that may lead to invasion and destruction of local and surrounding tissues and organs. This invasion step may be followed by the passage of the invasive cancer cells into the circulatory system and their spreading to other organs of…
Short-term memory (STM) is the ability of the mind to consciously store, maintain, and manipulate phonological (speech sound), spatial, and visual information for limited periods of time. Therefore, STM contributes to the learning of new information and aspects of speech comprehension and production. However, STM loss is observed during aging (after 55 years of age)…
The gut flora (microbiota) plays an important role in human health through their metabolic function in breaking down ingested food to provide nutrients to cells and organs of the body. However, some of the products of this metabolism have been associated with carcinogenic processes, such as tumor promotion (ammonia, secondary bile acids), mutagenesis (fecapenaenes), and…
Epigenetics is a natural and regular process by which environmental and behavioral factors affect the expression and activity of genes, independently of alterations in DNA sequences (genotype), such as during genetic mutations. These modifications can be transmitted to daughter cells and are influenced by several factors, including age, the environment, lifestyles, and disease states. These factors…
Mitochondria are cellular organelles that produce about 90% of the chemical energy (ATP) that is required for the survival of cells. This energy is produced through an enzymatic respiration cycle known as the citric acid cycle, or the Krebs cycle. These powerhouse structures possess their own DNA and transcriptional and translational machinery within the cells. They…
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by an uncontrolled division of cells leading to the invasion and destruction of surrounding tissues and organs. Another characteristic is their capacity to spread to other organs of the body where they establish a new niche of cancerous cells through a process named metastasis. Several factors, such as…
Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and RNA interference, have been shown to play crucial roles in regulating the expression of genes that are involved in age-related diseases and longevity [1]. These mechanisms are mediated by modifying histone enzymes and noncoding RNAs. However, several environmental and dietary factors can lead to their imbalance, leading…
Several studies have identified a link between chronic inflammation and longevity [1]. Although inflammation, such as acute inflammation is an essential event in immune response and tissue homeostasis, chronic inflammation has been associated with chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. These diseases are the main causes of bad quality of life,…
