Bone diseases are characterized by alterations in the formation, mineralization, and resorption of the bone tissue. The following are the most common diseases of the bone tissue: 1. What is Bone Made of? The bone is a hard connective tissue (support and connect tissues) that contains a honey-comb shaped structure made of a mineralized matrix…
Deficiencies in iron, zinc, and iodine are the most prominent as they have important negative impacts on public health, while other deficiencies, such as magnesium, calcium, fluoride, and selenium contribute to the health burden [1]. 1. Iron deficiency Iron is an essential compound of hemoglobin that is involved in the blood transport of oxygen from…
Essential minerals (nutrients) are crucial for the function of the body. There are 17 essential minerals: Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine, chromium, copper, fluoride, selenium, manganese, sulfur, cobalt, and Molybdenum. 1. Calcium What does Calcium in the Body? Calcium is essential for muscle contraction, blood clotting, nerve impulse, building strong bones…
Chondrocalcinosis is a disease characterized by the accumulation of calcium phosphate crystals (Pyrophosphate) in the joints. It is mainly due to magnesium deficiency; however, it can also be related to other diseases and metabolic disorders. I. How is Pyrophosphate Produced in the joints? Chondrocytes are specialized cells that control the synthesis of cartilage, from collagen…
The hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with the accumulation of “senile” plaques that are composed of amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein that surround neurons in affected regions. This accumulation results in loss of neurons in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, leading to progressive cognitive decline such as memory defects. A connection between the brain and…
