Tics are involuntary and repetitive sounds (vocal tics) or movements (motor tics) that can be rapid, sudden, recurrent, and nonrhythmic [1]. They are due to an urge or sensation that eases after performing the movement or the sound. 1. What Are the Types of Tics? 1.1. Primary Tics Transient tic disorders are motor or vocal…
The brain is the complex organ of the body that requires constant care to ensure its full function and for as long as possible. There are several factors that can help keep a healthy and alert brain throughout our lives: 1- Exercise Physical activity has been shown to inversely correlate with the risk of dementia…
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as aging-related neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries result in severe cognitive deficits that are associated with atrophy of the hippocampus, a brain structure involved in short-term and long-term memories, and in the processing of spatial memory that controls navigation [1]. Exercise and physical activity have been shown to reduce or slow down these cognitive…
