Arteriosclerosis is the thickening of small size arteries caused by an injury of the artery wall, aging, hypertension, or diabetes [1]. The hardening of small size arteries is due to a process known as intimal hyperplasia that is caused by the following lesions: A small or medium-sized artery is composed inside out from the following…
Dizziness is a common feeling of being light-headed and unsteady that is not generally associated with a serious condition. Large population-based studies reported that dizziness affects around 15% to 20% of adults yearly. It is prevalent in women and its frequency increases with age [1]. What Are the Causes of Dizziness? The common causes of dizziness…
Although non-pathological and often asymptomatic, high-intensity exercise and training can lead to structural, functional, and electrical transformations of the athlete’s heart. This exercise-adaptative physiological remodeling is known as athlete’s heart syndrome, characterized by an enlarged heart and a lower heart rate due to cardiac loading [1]. However, no evidence exists linking athlete’s heart syndrome and heart…
