Inflammation is a natural process by which the body’s immune system fights against injuries, infections, chemicals, and radiation. It is characterized by the following signs: 1. What Is the Main Cause of Inflammation in the Body? There are many causes of inflammation that is triggered by the body’s immune system: 2. What Happens During Inflammation?…
Neuroinflammation is the inflammation of the brain or the spinal cord due to the production of cytokines, chemokines, secondary messengers, and reactive oxygen species. 1- What Are cytokines? Cytokines are small proteins that are produced by white blood cells, such as lymphocytes T and lymphocytes B, and endothelial cells, mast cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal cells….
Using proteomic and metabolic screening of patients with sepsis, an extreme reaction state to infections, a study reported that glucose, fatty acids, and beta-oxidation pathways are critical in differentiating between survivors and non-survivors to infections in intensive care units [1]. This study highlights the key role of the host metabolism, which provides essential nutrients to…
Gene therapy is a field of biology or medicine that focuses on introducing or replacing defective genes that are involved in the etiology of some genetic diseases. To introduce or replace defective genes, this approach involves using viral or non-viral vectors to insert healthy copies of genes into the cells of affected people to re-establish their normal…
The gut flora is a heterogeneous population of micro-organisms that includes bacteria, fungi, and archaea, and that plays important role in the digestion and absorbance of food. Transplantation of fecal microbiota from younger mice (Donor) to older (Recipient) enhanced their health and lifespan (longevity). During the process of aging, the function of beneficial microbes, that…
