The growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) or bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP-11) is a protein that belongs to the transforming growth factor-beta family (TGF-b) that is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, wound healing, and the immune system [1]. GDF11 has been proposed as a rejuvenating factor as it was reported that it restores skeletal…
“Cancer, a Failed By-product of Genetic Evolution?” has long been a prevailing notion in the study of oncology, suggesting that cancer is a consequence of genetic mutations gone awry during the process of evolution. This concept proposes that cancer arises as a by-product of genetic adaptations that confer advantages for survival and reproduction but inadvertently…
The Tumor Microenvironment, a pivotal aspect in the intricate world of cancer biology, refers to the complex surroundings in which cancer cells thrive and interact. Understanding The Tumor Microenvironment is paramount for unraveling the mysteries of cancer progression and developing targeted therapeutic interventions. This dynamic ecosystem comprises a diverse array of cells, signaling molecules, and…
