Obesity is a medical condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat that can lead to negative effects on health [1]. Medically, it is measured as a body mass index (BMI) that is equal to or higher than 30. An ideal BMI is in the 18.5 to 24.9 range, while a BMI of 25 and up to…
For a long time, the brain was thought to exclusively contain finally differentiated cells, such as neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. These highly specialized cells are originated during embryonic development and their number decreases throughout adulthood. However, from 1962, Joseph Altman and his colleagues challenged this dogma by demonstrating that the brain contained other types of…
In the past decade, several types of viruses emerged from around the world. Some of these such as Covid-19 are already a reality that is leading to the loss of human lives and serious economic damages. Unfortunately, this epidemic is not the first nor the last one, and therefore, a better prevention system, new viral…
The hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with the accumulation of “senile” plaques that are composed of amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein that surround neurons in affected regions. This accumulation results in loss of neurons in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, leading to progressive cognitive decline such as memory defects. A connection between the brain and…
Stem cells are responsible for the generation of all tissues and organs within the body. When these cells become mutated at the gene level (DNA), they become cancerous and are named cancer stem cells [1]. These cancer cells are thought to provide resistance to chemotherapy and relapse in cancer patients. The mutations can affect embryonic…
Several studies have identified a link between chronic inflammation and longevity [1]. Although inflammation, such as acute inflammation is an essential event in immune response and tissue homeostasis, chronic inflammation has been associated with chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. These diseases are the main causes of bad quality of life,…
